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Formation, ''In The Garden'' (1980-1982)

The pair had first worked together as members of The Tourists. During this time, they were also romantic partners. This band achieved modest commercial success, but the experience was reportedly an unhappy one. Personal and musical tensions existed within the group (whose main songwriter was Pete Coombes), the band often received very negative critical press in the UK, there were legal wranglings with the band's management, publishers and record labels. Lennox and Stewart felt the fixed band line-up was not a good vehicle to explore their experimental creative leanings.Lennox and Stewart decided their next project should be much more flexible and free from artistic compromise. They were interested in creating 'pop music', but wanted freedom to experiment with electronics and the avant-garde as well. Calling themselves "Eurythmics" (a re-spelling on a classical dance technique Lennox had encountered as a child), they decided to keep themselves as the only permanent members and songwriters, and involve others in the collaboration as they saw fit "on the basis of mutual compatibility and availability". RCA Records decided to retain the pair from their Tourists recording contract. Wanting to concentrate on their musical relationship, Lennox and Stewart decided to discontinue their romantic liaison in 1980 (see 1980 in music).Their first album saw them continue to work in Cologne with the legendary Conny Plank (who had produced the later Tourists sessions). This resulted in the album ''In the Garden'' (released Oct. 1981), including contributions from Holgar Czukay & Jackie Liebezeit of Can, drummer Clem Burke of Blondie, Robert GArl of Deutsch Amerikanische Freundschaft, and flautist Tim Wheater. A couple of the songs were co-written by guitarist Roger Pomphrey (now a TV producer). The album featured rather cold and melancholy songs, mixing psychedelic, krautrock and electropop influences, to a rather muted effect. It received a lukewarm critical reception and poor sales. Two singles from the album also flopped, even if ''Never gonna cry again'' made some charts (their videos have seldom been seen subsequently). Lennox and Stewart then put their new Eurythmics mode of operation into action by touring the record as a duo, accompanied by backing tracks and electronics, carted around the country themselves in a horse-box.Stewart and Lennox retreated to Chalk Farm in London, and used a bank loan to set up a tiny 8-track studio above a picture framing factory, giving them freedom to record without having to pay expensive studio fees. They began to employ much more electronics in their music, collaborating with such names as Raynard Faulkner and Adam Williams. They continued to record many tracks and play live using various line-up permutations, however the three singles RCA released for them that year ("This is the House," "The Walk" and "Love Is a Stranger") all flopped totally on initial release in the UK. The band's state of affairs was becoming critical - although their mode of operation had given them the creative freedom they desired, commercial success was still eluding them, and the responsibility of running so many of their affairs personally (down to roadying their own equipment) was exhausting. Apparently Lennox suffered at least one nervous breakdown during this period, while Stewart was hospitalized with a collapsed lung.

''Sweet Dreams'', ''Touch'' and ''1984 - For The Love Of Big Brother'' (1982-1985)

Eurythmics' commercial breakthrough came with ''Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)'' (1983 in music), whose hit single of the same name featured a powerfully sequenced synth bass line and a striking video. The band's fortunes changed immensely from this moment on. The album became a huge British hit due to the title track, which quickly topped the American charts as well. Lennox was featured on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine. Stewart recently revealed that the famous synth bass line in the song was discovered by accident when he inadvertently played a track backwards. ''Touch'', the follow-up to ''Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)'', was released in 1984 and spawned three major UK hits. "Here Comes The Rain Again" (number four in the U.S.) was the main hit from this album. The video went into heavy rotation on MTV. ''Touch'' solidified the duo's reputation as being major talents and cutting edge musicians. In 1984, RCA released ''Touch Dance'', a mini-album of remixes of four tracks from ''Touch'', aimed at the 'club market'. The remixes were by prominent New York name producers FranAois Kervorkian and John "Jellybean" Benitez. Later in 1984, Virgin released the soundtrack album ''1984 For The Love Of Big Brother'' and it spawned the hit single "Sexcrime (Nineteen Eighty-Four)" in the UK, although its supposedly suggestive title (actually taken directly from Orwell's text) resulted in many US radio stations refusing to play the track. Virgin Films had contracted the band to provide a soundtrack to Michael Radford's colour re-make film of George Orwell's ''1984''. Radford claimed the music was being "foisted" on him, and refused to use Eurythmics' score, replacing it with more conventional orchestral filler (except for the song "Julia" which played along with the end credits). However, the record is presented on its back cover as music derived from the original score of Eurythmics for the Michael Radford film version of Orwell's 1984.

''Be Yourself Tonight'' and ''Revenge'' (1985-1987)

Their fourth studio album proper, ''Be Yourself Tonight'', was produced in a single week in Paris. It showcased a much more "band" centred sound (with an R&B influence), with real drums, brass, and much more guitar from Stewart. Almost a dozen other musicians were enlisted, including members of Tom Petty's Heartbreakers, guest harmonica from Stevie Wonder, bass guitar from Dean Garcia, string arrangements by Michael Kamen, and Lennox singing duets with Aretha Franklin and Elvis Costello. It continued the duo's transatlantic chart domination in 1985, and contained four hit singles: "Would I Lie To You?" was a U.S. Billboard top five hit, while "There Must Be An Angel (Playing With My Heart)" (featuring Wonder's contribution, their first and only U.K. number one hit single). "It's Alright (Baby's Coming Back)" and the Franklin duet (originally intended for Tina Turner) "Sisters Are Doin' It For Themselves" also rode high in the charts.1986 saw Eurythmics unleash their ''Revenge'' album, which continued their move towards a band sound (some might even say verging on an AOR-pop/rock sound), although the strength of the songs generally shone through. Sales continued to be strong in the U.K., but somewhat petered out in the US and signalled the end of Eurythmics' mainstream success in America; "Missionary Man" reached number 14 on the U.S. Hot 100 chart. Eurythmics went on a massive worldwide tour in support of this album, and a live video was released of this. ''Revenge'' remains Eurythmics' best selling album to date. Around this time, Stewart began producing, for Tom Petty and Bob Dylan, among others, while Lennox did some acting.

''Savage'' and ''We Too Are One'' (1987-1990)

Lennox and Stewart reunited in 1987 (see 1987 in music) for the critically acclaimed album, ''Savage''. This saw a fairly radical change in the group's sound, being based mainly around drum loops, with synth and guitar parts fairly low in the mix. Lyrically the songs showed a darker, more psychological side to Lennox's writing. The entire record was also released as a video album, directed by Sophie MAller, with a film for each song. These largely followed Lennox's character of a frustrated housewife-turned-vamp. Much less commercial than the two previous albums, ''Savage'' was mostly ignored in the U.S.A., while sales in the U.K. were fair.In 1989, Eurythmics released the solid ''We Too Are One'', a UK number one hit that did rather poorly in the United States, although "Don't Ask Me Why" grazed the Billboard top 40.

Hiatus and solo years (1991-1998)

After strenuous years of touring and recording (Eurythmics released eight albums excluding the remix "Touch Dance" in eight years), Lennox needed a break she took time off to have a baby and to consider a new direction after Eurythmics in 1991. Years of being constantly together had created a rift in the relationship between the duo; the two had virtually no communication with each other from 1990 to 1998. In 1992 (see 1992 in music), Lennox released a solo album, ''Diva'', which was a critical and popular sensation, while Stewart began writing film soundtracks and formed a band called "Spiritual Cowboys," releasing two albums with this group.Stewart released proper solo albums in 1995 (see 1995 in music), ''Greetings from the Gutter'', and 1998 (see 1998 in music), ''Sly-Fi''; neither of these albums were as well-received as his 1990 duet with saxophonist Candy Dulfer, "Lily Was Here." Lennox's ''Medusa'' fared much better, reaching number one in the UK.

Reunion and ''Peace'' (1999-2005)

Category:British musical groups
Eurythmics de:Eurythmics